Gnome et Rhone. 250cc. 1938.

Gnome et Rhone.

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The Society of motor Gnome et Rhone. is a French company that manufactured engines for aviation and motorcycles and bicycles until the 1950s . It was the result of the merger in 1914 of the society Gnome built without reference to aviation June 6, 1905 (media) by the brothers Louis and Laurent Seguin , with its main competitor, the company Rhône , created in 1897 and directed by Louis Verdet.

During the interwar period , the company has developed by its majority shareholder Paul-Louis Weiller to become engines of aircrafts european of the largest construction company. Was nationalized after the Second World War to form the Snecma , was merged later with Sagem to create Safran group in 2005 .

Engines Gnome

it was opened in 1895 as a factory in Gennevilliers , and acquired shortly after the license of the engine GNOM designed by the German firm Motorenfabrik Oberursel . This gasoline engine, single cylinder and very large although the power modest, it was an industrial motor for the driving of machine tools in the workshops. In 1905 Louis Seguin and his brothers founded the Gnome engine company, the market of the engines of the boat and the engine. Under the direction of Laurent, the company manufactures an aviation rotary engine 1908, that is to say, that has the particularity of having a crankshaft fixed: are the cylinders of the motor in star, which revolves around .

Main article: rotary engine .

Their first model was running in 1909 , the Gnome Omega 7-cylinder with a weight of 75 kg, and developing 50 HP , which equips the Farman III . Allows Henri Farman in excess of 100 km / h from 1910 in an airplane Voisin .

The first models of the Omega uses a system of admission of fuel from the crankshaft through the piston , avoiding mechanisms (cams, lifters, and references) of the controls of the valves and the tubes of admission to rotary. To facilitate the maintenance and reduce the consumption of fuel, the engine operates with an exhaust valve and controlled by an admission by the lights in the periphery of the piston.

These engines, although simple, are expensive to manufacture due to the use of expensive materials (special steels), fully machined. Of more; the same principle of the rotary engine imposes a strict balance of the assembly.

Motorcycles

After the First World War , the decline of the orders military pushed the company to diversify, especially in the production of motorcycles . She buys the license motorcycle of british ABC Motors and improvement, then, from 1923 , produced their own bicycles with engines ranging from 175 cc 2-stroke (type "E") to the 4-stroke 500 cc side valve ( "B" and "C").

In 1926 , they introduced the "D". D2, D3, and D4 are equipped with engines from a single cylinder of 500 cc OHV . D3 and D4 represent the appearance of the tank saddle in 1928 . machines of smaller displacement are listed as the E3 (250cc), M1 (306 cm3 side), CM1 (350 cm3 prostrate), M2 and CM2.

steel frames, pressed appear that it's from 1931, and refer to the junior (250 side) greater (350 side), Super Major (350 fell), D5 (500 a side), 500 V2 (sideways) and CV2 (ousted ); the last two are equipped with a two-cylinder engine (double-floor) flat to 500 cm3.

From 1935 , listed the models of "X", the first 750 X (overthrown) and XA military 750 (overthrown) before the 800 AX2 (side).

In 1940 , a motorcycle escort to presidential born: X40 (750 cm3 prostrate). Mixture of AX2 and X civilians, which is produced in one hundred copies and remains in service until 1952 , after escorting Albert Lebrun , Philippe Pétain , Charles de Gaulle , and Vincent Auriol .

During the Second World War , the AX2 800 is also manufactured by factories Terrot to Dijon . Many AX2 used by the German army are scattered throughout Europe.

After the Second World War, production continued with the Snecma . This will be the series "R" and "L", equipped with 2-stroke engines mounted on a classic: R1 (100 cc), R2, R3 and R4 (125 cc), L5 (175 cm3), LX5 (200 cm3 ). Production finally ceased in 1959